Give a short fact or answer with no reasoning.

One clause. Do not justify it — extra writing earns nothing here.

State the unit of force. → Newton (N).

Say what happens or what something is like, without saying why.

Sequence the observable steps or features. Aim for one point per mark.

Describe the trend. → The rate rises steeply, then levels off after 40 s.

Give reasons or causes — every point needs a 'because'.

Pair each statement with a cause: 'X happens because Y…'.

Explain why the rate falls. → Fewer particles remain, so fewer collisions occur.

Work out a numerical answer, showing your method.

Write the formula, substitute values, then give the answer with units and sensible rounding.

Calculate the speed. → v = d/t = 120/15 = 8 m/s.

Give similarities and differences between two things.

Link both items in every sentence using 'whereas' or 'both'. Never describe them separately.

Both are exothermic, whereas combustion releases far more energy per mole.

Break down data, a text or a process to show what it means.

Quote or cite the evidence, then state what it shows, then link back to the question.

The verb 'crushed' suggests total defeat, positioning the reader to pity the narrator.

Weigh evidence on both sides and reach a supported judgement.

Two or three points for, two against, then a conclusion that states which is stronger and why.

Overall the method is reliable because repeats agreed, although the timing error remains.

Apply what you know to an unfamiliar situation — there is no memorised answer.

Use a principle you know and apply it to the context given, naming the link.

Suggest why the readings differ. → Heat lost to the surroundings lowers the second value.